Testosterone is a hormone that is produced in men's
testicles. It belongs to the group of androgens, also called steroids or
anabolic steroids. It is the most important male hormone since it influences
the maintenance of bones and muscles, the production of sperm and white blood
cells, the maintenance of sexual desire and the mood of individuals. As you get
older, the production of testosterone becomes lower and the levels of it
decrease progressively.
Despite popular belief, testosterone is not exclusive to
men, since it is also present in the female organism, although in a much lower
proportion since its main effects are related to the male sex. In women, it is
related to aspects such as humor, sexual appetite and the feeling of
well-being.
Physiological effects
Testosterone appears during fetal life, in which the
testicles of the fetus are stimulated by the mother's placenta to produce
testosterone, a process that continues approximately until ten weeks after
birth. After this period, and throughout childhood, this hormone is barely
produced. Between ten and thirteen, at the beginning of puberty, there is a
stimulus in the brain that causes testosterone production to increase
dramatically and is maintained for most of the rest of life (although in the
last years of adult life descend a little).
Testosterone also influences the brain, leading to key
changes. Among them, in the production of dopamine: certain areas of the brain
are very dependent on testosterone when producing dopamine, a potent natural
antidepressant. It is also related to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of
memory, making it better, and memory, in turn, participates in virtually all
brain processes. Cognition or thinking the ability is directly related to
testosterone, especially in young and elderly men, increasing spatial
processing. Also, low levels of this androgen are usually linked to depression
and anxiety. In the same way, multiple studies have been carried out that
corroborate the positive correlation between the aggressiveness and the level of
testosterone of the organism.
Biochemistry
The testosterone that is generated mostly (around 95
percent) in the testicles, thanks to the so-called Leydig cells, although it is
also synthesized in other tissues. In women, it is synthesized in the teak
cells of the ovaries and in the placenta, although in smaller quantities. It is
derived from cholesterol, like other steroid hormones. And, like most hormones,
it is transferred to the blood, where it travels linked to sex hormone-binding
globulin and albumin.
Medical uses of testosterone
It is normal for testosterone levels to fall with age, but
if they are lower than they should, doctors may recommend testosterone therapy.
A drug based on artificial testosterone is used, which is usually applied to
the skin, through injections or through implants.
Although it affects the increase in the levels of this
hormone, it can also pose a series of risks that must be assessed. Among the
most common are the increase in the amount of red blood cells (which could lead
to stroke or blood clots), acne and
other skin problems, worsening of sleep apnea
if previously suffered, increase in the size of the breasts in both
women and men, fluid retention or low HDL cholesterol , the so-called good
cholesterol.
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In certain cases, it can also lead to the growth of the
prostate gland, which is why it is essential to have an examination or analysis
to detect possible prostate cancer before starting treatment. If you have had
prostate cancer before, you cannot continue this therapy.
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